Varie risoluzioni adottate al vertice dell’UA di Nouakchott:
I lavori del 31esimo Vertice dei Capi di Stato e di Governo dell’Unione Africana (UA) si sono conclusi lunedì sera a Nouakchott con l’adozione delle relazioni e delle risoluzioni presentate dalle varie Commissioni, tra cui il Sahara occidentale, la lotta contro il terrorismo e l’estremismo violento, la corruzione nonché le riforme istituzionali dell’Organizzazione e l’adesione di altri paesi del continente all’area di libero scambio continentale (CFTA).
L’istituzione del Meccanismo africano che consente all’UA di fornire “un sostegno efficace” al processo guidato dall’ONU, sulla base delle pertinenti risoluzioni del Consiglio di sicurezza, per raggiungere l’autodeterminazione del popolo sahariano, è stato adottato dalla Conferenza dei Capi di Stato e di Governo, alla presenza del Primo Ministro Ahmed Ouyahia in qualità di rappresentante del Presidente Abdelaziz Bouteflika.
Questo meccanismo è stato adottato sulla base del rapporto preparato dal Presidente della Commissione dell’Unione Africana Moussa Faki sulla questione del Sahara Occidentale e in cui si ricorda che il Sahara Occidentale e il Marocco devono riprendere i negoziati sotto gli auspici del Segretario Generale delle Nazioni Unite.
Si tratta di negoziati “senza precondizioni e in buona fede al fine di raggiungere una soluzione politica giusta, duratura e reciprocamente accettabile che consenta l’autodeterminazione del popolo del Sahara Occidentale nel contesto di accordi coerenti con gli obiettivi e i principi enunciati nella Carta delle Nazioni Unite “.
La relazione elaborata dal sig. Faki e adottata dal vertice dell’UA sottolinea che “è fondamentale che l’Unione sia attivamente coinvolta” nella ricerca di una soluzione al conflitto, a titolo della sua responsabilità per la promozione della pace, della sicurezza e della stabilità in tutto il continente.
Riforme istituzionali e adesione al CFTA
Le proposte su tutte le riforme dell’UA sono state adottate dai Capi di Stato e di Governo che hanno esortato a preservare l’immagine dell’Africa e della sua Organizzazione assicurando, in particolare, l’attuazione delle decisioni dell’Unione africana UA.
Per essi si tratta di “salvaguardare gli interessi e la dignità dell’Africa”, attraverso queste riforme che si iscrivono nel contesto dell’attuazione dell’Agenda 2063. In questo senso, il Presidente in carica dall’UA, Paul Kagam, ha messo in rilievo il proseguimento e l’accelerazione delle riforme istituzionali all’interno dell’Unione attraverso l’applicazione generalizzata della Zona di libero scambio continentale.
Diversi paesi, tra cui l’Algeria, hanno firmato l’Atto di adesione al CFTA, in attesa che altri paesi seguano l’esempio per rendere il continente un mercato dinamico e prospero, incentrato sullo sviluppo e la modernità.
La lotta contro la corruzione, un’altra sfida per l’Africa
L’Unione Africana fa della lotta contro la corruzione il suo cavallo di battaglia, il tema scelto dall’Unione Africana per il 2018 è “Vincere la lotta contro la corruzione: un percorso sostenibile per la trasformazione dell’Africa”.
Le risoluzioni sulla lotta contro la corruzione sono state adottate dai Capi di Stato e di Governo che hanno manifestato la loro volontà di unire i loro sforzi in questo settore.
Nel suo discorso sull’argomento, il sig. Ouyahia ha descritto gli sforzi dell’Algeria nella lotta contro la corruzione, aggiungendo che l’Algeria, sotto la guida del Presidente Abdelaziz Bouteflika, ha inviato un chiaro segnale della “propria determinazione a combattere il flagello della corruzione da cui, purtroppo, non è esente”.
Egli ha sostenuto che questa determinazione dell’Algeria è stata inizialmente illustrata dalla ratifica delle convenzioni delle Nazioni Unite e dell’Africa per la prevenzione e la lotta contro la corruzione, il cui contenuto ha in ampia misura trovato riscontro nella legislazione nazionale vigente.
Il Primo Ministro ha anche ricordato che l’Algeria si era dotata di un organo costituzionale per la prevenzione e la lotta contro la corruzione, che contribuisce attivamente alla gestione di questo problema.
Finanziamento dell’UA e blocco del fondo del Parlamento africano
Il finanziamento dell’UA è un vero rompicapo per l’Organizzazione panafricana. Un dibattito “intenso” ha caratterizzato la sessione dedicata a questo capitolo durante questo vertice, bloccando il bilancio del Parlamento africano il cui bilancio contiene numerose riserve.
Nel capitolo, il tasso di recupero dei contributi dei paesi membri dell’UA non supera il 30%, mentre l’Organizzazione panafricana mira a garantire autonomia finanziaria entro il 2020.
Il 75% del bilancio dell’UA è dedicato al suo funzionamento e i restanti 25% sono destinati alle operazioni di pace e di sicurezza in Africa, in quanto il numero di paesi contribuenti al bilancio dell’UA rimane “molto limitato” .
Tale disavanzo viene colmato da donatori e contributori, tra cui la Banca Mondiale, la Cina, la Turchia e l’Unione europea.
Pace e sicurezza: risoluzione di varie situazioni di crisi
I Capi di Stato e di Governo dell’UA si sono rammaricati del fatto che l’immagine trasmessa dall’Africa è quella di un continente devastato da conflitti, crisi, terrorismo, emigrazione illegale e criminalità organizzata, mentre gli indici di sviluppo del continente sono in costante aumento.
A questo proposito, il Commissario dell’UA per la Pace e la Sicurezza, Smail Chergui, ha accolto con favore la conclusione di varie situazioni di crisi e di conflitti, citando tra l’altro la riconciliazione in Kenya, gli accordi firmati tra l’Etiopia e l’Eritrea, quello firmato tra il Presidente sud-sudanese Salva Kiir e il suo rivale Riek Machar a Khartoum, nonché la tragua registrata in Burundi in seguito alla rinuncia del Presidente del paese a correre per un altro mandato.
Sempre sul fronte della sicurezza, l’attuazione dell’accordo di pace e di riconciliazione nazionale in Mali procede in modo normale, mentre gli sforzi, in particolare quelli dell’Algeria in materia di salvaguardia della pace nella regione di Sahel, sono stati evidenziati e accolti con favore dall’UA.
Da parte sua, l’Algeria ha espresso la sua disponibilità a proseguire i suoi sforzi al riguardo, esortando a privilegiare le soluzioni politiche e pacifiche, soprattutto in Libia.
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